Paid for by a government that UN experts say has 3,000–4,000 troops fighting alongside M23 rebels in eastern Congo.
How muchUp to £20m a yearabout $27m a year
Reported estimate · SportsPro (citing The Athletic) · Jul 2026UN experts say 3,000–4,000 Rwandan troops are fighting alongside M23 rebels in eastern Congo.UN Group of Experts on the DR Congo, final report · 2024
M23 rebels take about $800,000 a month in levies on coltan mining.UN Group of Experts on the DR Congo, final report · 2024
More than 120 tonnes of coltan a month smuggled from Congo’s Rubaya mines into Rwanda since April 2024.Global Witness · Jun 2026
Rubaya, in eastern Congo, produces about 15% of the world’s tantalum, a metal used in phones and laptops. M23 took control of the mines in 2024.Global Witness · Jun 2026
From Rwanda the coltan ships on to smelters in China, Kazakhstan and Thailand. Global Witness found it may have unwittingly reached global electronics brands.Global Witness · Jun 2026


